Optimization of nonconventional wells under uncertainty using statistical proxies     

Vincent Artus  Louis J. Durlofsky  Jérôme Onwunalu  Khalid Aziz 《Computational Geosciences》2006,10(4):389-404

The determination of the optimal type and placement of a nonconventional well in a heterogeneous reservoir represents a challenging optimization problem. This determination is significantly more complicated if uncertainty in the reservoir geology is included in the optimization. In this study, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the deployment of nonconventional wells. Geological uncertainty is accounted for by optimizing over multiple reservoir models (realizations) subject to a prescribed risk attitude. To reduce the excessive computational requirements of the base method, a new statistical proxy (which provides fast estimates of the objective function) based on cluster analysis is introduced into the optimization process. This proxy provides an estimate of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the scenario performance, which enables the quantification of proxy uncertainty. Knowledge of the proxy-based performance estimate in conjunction with the proxy CDF enables the systematic selection of the most appropriate scenarios for full simulation. Application of the overall method for the optimization of monobore and dual-lateral well placement demonstrates the performance of the hybrid optimization procedure. Specifically, it is shown that by simulating only 10% or 20% of the scenarios (as determined by application of the proxy), optimization results very close to those achieved by simulating all cases are obtained.  相似文献   

Attenuation of aqueous metal transport at two natural acid rock drainage occurrences in the Yukon Territory, Canada     

Y.T. John Kwong 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):229-230

Naturally acidic drainage associated with pyritic black shale has been observed in many locations in the Yukon Territory. While not necessarily linked to known mineral deposits, most of these natural acid rock drainage occurrences show elevated dissolved concentrations of trace elements, especially zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium and arsenic. Based on field observations, microbial investigation, chemical analyses and geochemical modeling, the fate and transport of potentially deleterious elements at two natural acid drainage occurrences with slightly different settings are examined. The Macintosh Creek is a small, acidic stream （pH 2.98-3.40）, 2 km long, located in the Macmillan Pass area of east-central Yukon amidst known sedimentary exhalative massive sulfide mineralization but remains undisturbed by exploration activities. Its trace metal content is apparently derived from groundwater discharges, which gave as much as 5.0, 2.5, 0.7, 0.13 and 0.03 mg/L ofZn, Ni, Cu and As, respectively. Interaction and sorption reactions with algal mats, biofilms and iron oxyhydroxides appear to be the dominant mechanisms attenuating aqueous contaminant transport along the stream. Cryogenic precipitation further consolidates the ferricrete formation and reduces the mobility of the sorbed metals. The tributaries of the Engineering Creek along the Dempster Highway in northern Yukon drain through a series of dolomite, phyllite, argillite, limestone, black shale, sandstone and conglomerate with no known concentration of mineralization. In this area, the water chemistry fully reflects the local geology with acidic streams invariably associated with black shale occurrences. Groundwater seeps in the headwaters area of the km-180 Creek completely enclosed in black shale gave pH 3.0 and as much as 148, 39, 2.9 and 9.1 mg/L of Zn, Ni, Cu and As, respectively. Sorption with iron oxyhydroxide and organic matter appear to dominate the attenuation of contaminant transport along the stream. However, once entered into carbonate-dominated terrains, secondary carbonate minerals exercise additional geochemical control on the local water chemistry as a result of neutralization.  相似文献   

Optimization of SAGD Well Elevation     

Jason A. McLennan  Weishan Ren  Oy Leuangthong  C. V. Deutsch 《Natural Resources Research》2006,15(2):119-127

The application of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) to recover heavy oil sands is becoming increasingly important in the northern Alberta McMurray Formation because of the vast resources/reserves accessible with this mechanism. Selecting the stratigraphic elevations of SAGD well pairs is a vital decision for reservoir evaluation and planning. The inherent uncertainty in the distribution of geological variables significantly influences this decision. Geostatistical simulation is used to capture geological uncertainty, which is used can be transformed into a distribution of the best possible well pair elevations. A simple exhaustive calculation scheme is used to determine the optimum stratigraphic location of a SAGD well pair where the recovery R is maximized. There are three basic steps to the methodology: (1) model the uncertainty in the top continuous bitumen (TCB) and bottom continuous bitumen (BCB) surfaces, (2) calculate the recovery at all possible elevation increments within the TCB and BCB interval, and (3) identify the elevation that maximizes R. This is repeated for multiple TCB/BCB pairs of surfaces to assess uncertainty. The methodology is described and implemented on a subset of data from the Athabasca Oilsands in Fort McMurray, Alberta.  相似文献   

Geothermal evidence for fluid flow through the gas hydrate stability field off Central Chile—transient flow related to large subduction zone earthquakes?     

Ingo Grevemeyer  Norbert Kaul  Juan L. Diaz-Naveas 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,166(1):461-468

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生物气研究现状与勘探前景   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

林春明  李艳丽  漆滨汶 《古地理学报》2006,8(3):317-330

综合论述了生物气的特征及其研究进展,着重探讨了生物气成因、地球化学特征、勘探研究现状、生物气形成机制和控制因素,并介绍了生物气系统概念和特征,最后叙述了生物气藏的分布和我国生物气藏的远景。生物气是在还原环境的生物化学作用带内有机质为厌氧微生物所分解的最终产物,它以甲烷为主,并含部分二氧化碳及少量氮气和其它微量气体组分,生物甲烷气δ13C1值一般小于-55‰。生物甲烷气的形成途径主要有乙酸发酵和CO2还原2种类型。生物气生成与其所处的沉积环境、古气候、有机质的类型和丰度、水介质性质、地质作用、沉积时间等众多因素密切相关。生物气埋藏浅,分布广泛,一般存在于三角洲、大陆架和部分陆相沉积环境中,储层时代主要为白垩纪、古近纪、新近纪和第四纪。白垩纪的储量最丰富,古近纪、新近纪次之,第四纪生物气藏的规模一般较小。我国生物气勘探研究历史虽然不长,但生物气资源量丰富,具有良好的勘探前景。  相似文献   

库车坳陷侏罗系煤成气动力学模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周强  李贤庆  杨园园  田辉  申家贵 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(1):24-27

应用黄金管—高压釜封闭体系热模拟实验与GC、GC-IRMS分析技术,结合KINETICS专用软件,对库车坳陷侏罗系煤成气进行了动力学模拟研究。库车坳陷侏罗系煤具有高的产气性,在高演化阶段主要产甲烷气;侏罗系煤热解气甲烷碳同位素为-36‰～-25‰,乙烷碳同位素为-28‰～-16‰;甲烷、C2-C5气态烃的生成活化能分别为(47～64k)calm/ol、(55～72k)calm/ol,频率因子各为5.265×1013s-1、5.388×1018s-1。在此基础上,进一步探讨了克拉2气田天然气的成因。研究认为,克拉2气田天然气属阶段捕获的煤成气,主要聚集了5～1Ma时期的天然气,其成熟度Ro分布范围为1.3%～2.5%。  相似文献   

PDC钻头在寺河煤矿瓦斯预抽放钻井中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

吴小建  李新民 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(1):64-65,68

在寺河矿区一期瓦斯地面预抽放钻井施工中，使用传统的镶齿三牙轮钻头钻进，钻进速度低，仅为2.0m／h，且井斜不易控制、钻头寿命短、成本较高。通过对寺河煤矿地层特征的分析，在二期工程施工中，9#煤以上地层优选六翼内凹式PDC钻头钻进，采取一定技术措施并合理调整钻压、转速及泵量等钻进参数，钻速可达7．0m/h，井斜也得到有效控制，降低了钻井成本。  相似文献   

油页岩综合利用对周围环境的影响——以抚顺矿区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张丽萍曾荣树  徐文东金福杰 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(2):46-48,51

世界能源日益减少的局面为油页岩的开发应用带来广阔的前景，但油页岩工业所带来的环境影响亦不容忽视。以抚顺油页岩为例，从油页岩综合利用和油页岩工业对环境的影响等方面系统讨论了在我国发展油页岩工业时，如何本着节约能源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的观念，利用现有先进技术，科学发展油页岩工业，降低生产过程中的固、液、气污染物对环境的危害。  相似文献   

济阳坳陷CO0_2气藏同位素地球化学特征及成因     

林治家  陈衍景  黄智龙  申宝剑 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,(3)

济阳坳陷CO2气藏主要发育在高青-平南深断裂中南段和阳信次级凹陷西北缘及商店火山岩穹隆构造内。气藏中CO2气体浓度为69%~97%,δ13CCO2值为-5.67‰~-3.35‰,CH4/3He值为(1.01~5.65)×108,3He/4He值为(2.80~4.49)×10-6,即R/Ra为2.00~3.21,40Ar/36Ar值为317~1791,CO2/3He值为(0.25~2.61)×109。以上地球化学数据表明,济阳坳陷气藏中CO2主要来源于地幔,且幔源CO2在成藏过程中有损失,或者有壳源CO2的加入,特别是部分碳酸盐岩变质成因CO2的加入。在对CO2气来源定性分析的基础上,还需要在各来源的定量区分和CO2气藏的成藏及其与岩浆活动的时空匹配关系等方面作进一步的研究。  相似文献   

旧供水井化学处理方法介绍--以加德满都市旧供水井修复为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章伟民 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(6):100-101,107

本文以加德满都市旧供水井修复项目为例,针对因滤水管缝隙被化学物质堵塞,导致井出水量逐年减少的旧供水井。通过井下电视摄像系统检查,采用六偏磷酸钠、氨基黄酸等有机酸,结合刷洗、高压喷射等机械方法进行处理,使旧供水井出水量得到明显提高。  相似文献